Korean grammar · TOPIK 2

If and when (-(으)면): Korean Grammar with Examples

Everything you need to use if and when (-(으)면) correctly: the patterns, when to use them, examples with audio, common mistakes and exercises with answers.

Quick answer

-(으)면 expresses a condition ('if... then...') or a repeated situation ('whenever...'). A stem ending in a vowel or ㄹ takes 면; a stem ending in a consonant takes 으면. Key patterns: If or when + the action...; Stem ending in a consonant + 으면; If it had..., then it would have....

Patterns

FormStructureExample
Vowel stem → 면If or when + the action...봄이 오면 꽃이 피어요.
When spring comes, the flowers bloom.
Consonant stem → 으면Stem ending in a consonant + 으면한국어를 잘하고 싶으면 열심히 공부하세요.
If you want to speak Korean well, study hard.
Unreal condition -았/었으면V + 았/었으면 + 결과
If it had..., then it would have...
일찍 왔으면 좋았을 텐데.
If only I had come earlier.

How to use If and when (-(으)면)

1. Conditions

If condition A holds, result B follows

비가 오면 집에 있을 거예요.
If it rains, I will stay home.

2. Repeated habits

Whenever A happens, B happens

피자를 먹으면 콜라를 마셔요.
Whenever I eat pizza, I drink cola.

3. Advice and requests

If you want to..., then you must...

건강하고 싶으면 운동하세요.
If you want to be healthy, get some exercise.

Key words

만약 (if, supposing)그러면/그럼 (in that case)아니면 (otherwise, or)-(으)면 어때요? (how about if...?)

Tips and common mistakes

If and when (-(으)면): exercises with answers

Pick the right option, then open the answer to check it.

1. Fill in the conditional ending: 먹다 (to eat): 이거 먹___ 배탈이 날 거예요.

Options: 면 · 아서 · 어면 · 으면

Show answer

으면. 먹다: the stem ends in the consonant ㄱ, so 으면: 먹으면 배탈이 날 거예요 means 'if you eat this you will get a stomach ache'.

2. Fill in the conditional ending: 가다 (to go): 한국에 가___ 뭘 하고 싶어요?

Options: 면 · 아면 · 어면 · 으면

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면. 가다: the stem ends in the vowel ㅏ, so 면, giving 가면, 'if you go'.

3. Choose the correct sentence: 'If it rains, take an umbrella.'

Options: 비가 오고 우산을 가져오세요. · 비가 오면 우산을 가져오세요. · 비가 오지만 우산을 가져오세요. · 비가 와서 우산을 가져오세요.

Show answer

비가 오면 우산을 가져오세요.. Condition leading to a result or a command takes -(으)면: 비가 오면 means 'if it rains'.

4. Choose the correct sentence: 'When I am tired, I sleep.'

Options: 피곤하고 자요. · 피곤하면 자요. · 피곤하으면 자요. · 피곤하지만 자요.

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피곤하면 자요.. For a repeated habit - when A, then B: 피곤하면 자요 means 'whenever I am tired, I sleep'.

5. Choose the sentence that means: 'If you want to lose weight, you have to eat less.'

Options: 살을 빼고 싶고 적게 먹어야 해요. · 살을 빼고 싶어서 적게 먹어야 해요. · 살을 빼고 싶으면 적게 먹어야 해요. · 살을 빼고 싶지만 적게 먹어야 해요.

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살을 빼고 싶으면 적게 먹어야 해요.. Condition plus advice: verb + 고 싶으면 means 'if you want to..., then you must...'

6. Fill in the condition ending: 있다: 시간이 있___ 같이 영화 봐요.

Options: 는면 · 면 · 어면 · 으면

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으면. 있다: the stem ends in the consonant ㅆ, so it takes 으면: 있으면. The sentence means "If you have time, let's watch a movie together."

7. Fill in the condition ending: 오다: 친구가 오___ 같이 밥을 먹을 거예요.

Options: 면 · 아면 · 와면 · 으면

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면. 오다: the stem ends in a vowel, so it takes 면: 오면. The sentence means "If my friend comes, we will eat together."

8. Put 덥다 (ㅂ-irregular) + (으)면: 날씨가 ___ 에어컨을 켜세요.

Options: 더우면 · 더워면 · 덥면 · 덥으면

Show answer

더우면. 덥다: ㅂ becomes 우 before 으, giving 더우면. The sentence means "If it is hot, please turn on the air conditioner."

9. Put 살다 (stem ending in ㄹ) + (으)면: 한국에 ___ 한국어를 빨리 배울 수 있어요.

Options: 사면 · 살면 · 살아면 · 살으면

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살면. 살다: a stem ending in ㄹ takes just 면: 살면. 사면 comes from 사다 (to buy). The sentence means "If you live in Korea, you can learn Korean quickly."

10. Condition with a noun (noun + 이면): 학생이___ 할인을 받을 수 있어요.

Options: 면 · 아면 · 어면 · 으면

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면. 학생 ends in a consonant, so it takes 이면: 학생이면 is "if you are a student". The sentence means "If you are a student, you can get a discount."

11. Fill in the condition ending: 모르다: 모르___ 선생님께 물어보세요.

Options: 면 · 아면 · 어면 · 으면

Show answer

면. 모르다: the stem ends in a vowel, so it takes 면: 모르면. The sentence means "If you do not know, please ask the teacher."

12. Choose the correct sentence: 'If I had money, I would want to buy a house.'

Options: 돈이 있면 집을 사고 싶어요. · 돈이 있어면 집을 사고 싶어요. · 돈이 있으면 집을 사고 싶어요. · 돈이 있은면 집을 사고 싶어요.

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돈이 있으면 집을 사고 싶어요.. 있다: the stem ends in a consonant, so 으면: 있으면. The sentence means "If I have money, I want to buy a house."

13. Choose the correct sentence: 'Call me when you arrive in Seoul.'

Options: 서울에 도착하는면 전화하세요. · 서울에 도착하면 전화하세요. · 서울에 도착하으면 전화하세요. · 서울에 도착해면 전화하세요.

Show answer

서울에 도착하면 전화하세요.. 도착하다: the stem ends in a vowel, so 면: 도착하면. The sentence means "Please call me when you arrive in Seoul."

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