Korean grammar · TOPIK 1

Because / so / and then (-아서/어서): Korean Grammar with Examples

Everything you need to use because / so / and then (-아서/어서) correctly: the patterns, when to use them, examples with audio, common mistakes and exercises with answers.

Quick answer

-아서/어서 joins two clauses to give cause and effect ('because... so...') or one action followed by another ('... and then...'). The rule: ㅏ/ㅗ → 아서; other vowels → 어서; 하다 → 해서. Important: the past tense is NEVER used before -아서/어서. Key patterns: Cause → effect; Cause → effect; Do A and then B, where the two are connected.

Patterns

FormStructureExample
ㅏ/ㅗ → 아서V/A stem(ㅏ/ㅗ) + 아서
Cause → effect
배가 고파서 밥을 먹었어요.
I was hungry, so I ate.
Other vowels → 어서V/A stem(khác) + 어서
Cause → effect
비가 와서 집에 있었어요.
It was raining, so I stayed home.
One action after another → 어서V + 아/어서 + V
Do A and then B, where the two are connected
도서관에 가서 책을 읽었어요.
I went to the library and read a book.
하다 → 해서하다 → 해서
Every 하다 verb takes 해서
피곤해서 일찍 잤어요.
I was tired, so I went to bed early.

How to use Because / so / and then (-아서/어서)

1. Cause and its natural result

The result follows naturally from the cause

늦게 일어나서 지각했어요.
I got up late, so I was late.

2. One action leading logically into the next

Action A happens and leads into action B

집에 와서 쉬었어요.
I came home and rested.

Key words

그래서 (so, therefore)왜냐하면 (because)아서/어서/해서 (because... so, or ... and then)

Tips and common mistakes

Because / so / and then (-아서/어서): exercises with answers

Pick the right option, then open the answer to check it.

1. Join cause and effect: 피곤하다 + 자다: 피곤해___ 일찍 잤어요.

Options: 고 · 면 · 서 · 지만

Show answer

서. 피곤하다 becomes 피곤해서, 'because I was tired': 피곤해서 일찍 잤어요 means 'I was tired, so I went to bed early.'

2. Fill in the right ending: 배가 고프다 (to be hungry): 배가 고파___ 뭔가 먹고 싶어요.

Options: 도 · 면 · 서 · 지만

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서. 고프다: the ㅡ drops and the vowel of the previous syllable, ㅗ, calls for 아서, giving 고파서, "because I am hungry". The sentence means "I am hungry, so I want to eat something."

3. Choose the correct sentence: 'It was raining, so I did not go out.'

Options: 비가 오아서 밖에 나가지 않았어요. · 비가 오지만 밖에 나가지 않았어요. · 비가 와서 밖에 나가지 않았어요. · 비가 왔어서 밖에 나가지 않았어요.

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비가 와서 밖에 나가지 않았어요.. 와서 comes from 오다 + 아서. Note that 왔어서 is wrong: the past tense never precedes 아서.

4. Choose the correct sentence: 'I went to the shop and bought clothes.'

Options: 가게에 가고 옷을 샀어요. · 가게에 가서 옷을 샀어요. · 가게에 가아서 옷을 샀어요. · 가게에 갔어서 옷을 샀어요.

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가게에 가서 옷을 샀어요.. 가서 means 'went and then', linking the two actions: 가서 옷을 샀어요 is 'I went and bought clothes.'

5. Choose the sentence that breaks the -아서/어서 rule:

Options: 공부해서 시험을 잘 봤어요. · 비가 와서 우산을 챙겼어요. · 피곤해서 집에 갔어요. · 피곤했어서 집에 갔어요.

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피곤했어서 집에 갔어요.. 피곤했어서 is wrong: the past tense (-었/았) can never come before -아서/어서. The correct form is 피곤해서.

6. Put 많다 + 아서 (cause): 요즘 일이 ___ 바빠요.

Options: 많아서 · 많았어서 · 많어서 · 많으서

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많아서. 많다: the vowel ㅏ takes 아서, giving 많아서. The past tense never goes before 아서. The sentence means "I am busy these days because I have a lot of work."

7. Put 춥다 (ㅂ-irregular) + 어서: 날씨가 ___ 집에 있었어요.

Options: 추워서 · 추웠어서 · 춥아서 · 춥어서

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추워서. 춥다: ㅂ becomes 우, and 우 + 어서 gives 워서: 추워서. 추웠어서 is wrong. The sentence means "It was cold, so I stayed at home."

8. Sequence with -아서: 앉다: 의자에 ___ 이야기했어요.

Options: 앉아서 · 앉았어서 · 앉어서 · 앉으서

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앉아서. 앉다: the vowel ㅏ takes 아서, giving 앉아서, "sit down and then (stay seated to) do something". The sentence means "We sat down on the chairs and talked."

9. Cause with a noun (noun + 이라서): 오늘은 일요일___ 학교에 안 가요.

Options: 라서 · 여서 · 이라서 · 이아서

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이라서. 일요일 ends in the consonant ㄹ, so it takes 이라서 (라서 and 여서 are only after a vowel). The sentence means "Today is Sunday, so I do not go to school."

10. Put 하다 + 여서 (cause): 어제 운동을 너무 많이 ___ 다리가 아파요.

Options: 하서 · 하아서 · 해서 · 했어서

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해서. 하다 + 여서 becomes 해서. The past tense never goes before 아서/어서, even for past events. The sentence means "I exercised too much yesterday, so my legs hurt."

11. Put 예쁘다 + 어서: 꽃이 ___ 사진을 찍었어요.

Options: 예빠서 · 예뻐서 · 예뻤어서 · 예쁘어서

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예뻐서. 예쁘다: the ㅡ drops and the previous vowel ㅖ calls for 어서, giving 예뻐서. The sentence means "The flowers were pretty, so I took a photo."

12. Choose the correct sentence: 'I had a headache, so I took medicine.'

Options: 머리가 아파서 약을 먹었어요. · 머리가 아팠어서 약을 먹었어요. · 머리가 아퍼서 약을 먹었어요. · 머리가 아프어서 약을 먹었어요.

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머리가 아파서 약을 먹었어요.. 아프다: the ㅡ drops and the previous vowel ㅏ calls for 아서, giving 아파서. 아팠어서 is wrong. The sentence means "I had a headache, so I took some medicine."

13. Choose the correct sentence: 'I bought flowers and gave them to my friend.'

Options: 꽃을 사서 친구에게 줬어요. · 꽃을 사아서 친구에게 줬어요. · 꽃을 사어서 친구에게 줬어요. · 꽃을 샀어서 친구에게 줬어요.

Show answer

꽃을 사서 친구에게 줬어요.. 사다 + 아서 becomes 사서 (아 + 아 contracts). -아서 links two connected actions: buying the flowers and giving those same flowers. The sentence means "I bought flowers and gave them to my friend."

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