Chinese grammar · HSK 4

Conditional sentences (条件句): Chinese Grammar with Examples

Everything you need to use conditional sentences correctly: the patterns, when to use them, examples with audio, common mistakes and exercises with answers.

Quick answer

Chinese uses several conditional patterns, such as 如果...就..., 要是...就..., 只有...才... and 除非...才.... Key patterns: If + condition, 就 + result; Only if + condition, 才 + result.

Patterns

FormStructureExample
If... then...如果/要是 + Condition, 就 + Result
If + condition, 就 + result
如果下雨,我们就不去。
If it rains, we will not go.
Only if... then...只有 + Condition, 才 + Result
Only if + condition, 才 + result
只有努力,才会成功。
Only by working hard will you succeed.

How to use Conditional sentences

1. Ordinary conditions

If the condition holds, the result follows with 就.

要是你有空,就来我家吧。
If you are free, come over to my place.

2. Necessary conditions

Use 只有...才... to stress that this is the only condition.

只有他说,大家才相信。
Only when he says it do people believe it.

Key words

如果要是就只有才除非

Tips and common mistakes

Conditional sentences: exercises with answers

Pick the right option, then open the answer to check it.

1. Fill in the suitable word: ___你明天有空,我们就一起吃饭。

Options: 如果 · 或者 · 所以 · 虽然

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如果. Ordinary conditionals use 如果...就....

2. Fill in the word that links to the result: 要是下雨,我们___在家学习。

Options: 却 · 又 · 就 · 才

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就. The result clause of an if-then pattern usually takes 就.

3. Choose the correct 只有...才... sentence

Options: 只有早点睡,就不会累。 · 只有早点睡,才不会累。 · 如果早点睡,才不会累。 · 才早点睡,只有不会累。

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只有早点睡,才不会累。. The pattern for a necessary condition is 只有...才....

4. Which sentence is grammatical?

Options: 你要是不去,才我不去。 · 我就不去,要是你不去才。 · 要是你不去,就我不去。 · 要是你不去,我就不去。

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要是你不去,我就不去。. Conditions are often expressed with 要是...就....

5. Choose the more natural sentence

Options: 你需要帮助如果,就告诉我。 · 如果你需要帮助,就告诉我。 · 如果你需要帮助,才告诉我。 · 如果需要你帮助,就告诉我。

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如果你需要帮助,就告诉我。. The standard conditional structure is 如果..., 就....

6. Fill in the right word: ___明天不下雨,我们就去爬山。

Options: 但是 · 如果 · 所以 · 虽然

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如果. 如果...就... = if... then...: If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.

7. Fill in the word that links to the result: 如果你累了,___休息一下吧。

Options: 又 · 就 · 才 · 还

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就. The result clause after 如果 takes 就: If you are tired, take a rest.

8. Fill in the word that links to the result: 只有努力学习,___能考好。

Options: 又 · 就 · 才 · 都

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才. 只有...才... = only if... then...: Only by studying hard can you do well in the exam.

9. Fill in the right word: ___你努力,就一定能学好汉语。

Options: 不但 · 只有 · 只要 · 虽然

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只要. 只要...就... = as long as...; 只有 must pair with 才: As long as you work hard, you will learn Chinese well.

10. Fill in the word that links to the result: 如果明天下雨,我们___不去公园了。

Options: 却 · 只 · 就 · 才

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就. 如果...就... links condition and result: If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the park.

11. Choose the sentence that means: If you do not come, I will go alone.

Options: 你不来如果,我就一个人去。 · 如果你不来,我就一个人去。 · 如果你不来,我就去一个人。 · 如果你不来,我才一个人去。

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如果你不来,我就一个人去。. 如果 opens the condition, 就 follows the subject of the result, and 一个人 goes before the verb: If you do not come, I will go alone.

12. Fill in the right word: ___你喜欢,就买吧。

Options: 但是 · 如果 · 而且 · 虽然

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如果. 如果...就... = if... then...: If you like it, buy it.

13. Fill in the right word: 如果你不舒服的___,就早点回家。

Options: 事 · 候 · 时 · 话

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话. The pattern 如果...的话 = if: If you are not feeling well, go home early.

14. Choose the sentence that means: Only with lots of practice can you speak well.

Options: 只有多练习,就能说得好。 · 只有多练习,才能说得好。 · 只有多练习,能才说得好。 · 如果多练习,才能说得好。

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只有多练习,才能说得好。. 只有 must pair with 才, and 才 comes before 能: Only with lots of practice can you speak well.

15. Fill in the word that links to the result: 要是你不想去,___别去了。

Options: 又 · 就 · 才 · 还

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就. 要是...就... = if... then...: If you do not want to go, then don't.

16. Fill in the negative word: 如果我是你,我就___买这件衣服。

Options: 不 · 了 · 别 · 没

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不. A hypothetical future is negated with 不: If I were you, I would not buy this piece of clothing.

17. Fill in the word that links to the result: 只有你去,他___会来。

Options: 又 · 就 · 才 · 都

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才. 只有...才... gives the only condition: He will come only if you go.

18. Fill in the right word: 如果你没时间,___我们改天再见吧。

Options: 但是 · 因为 · 虽然 · 那

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那. 如果..., 那... = if..., then...: If you do not have time, then let's meet another day.

19. Which sentence is grammatical?

Options: 明天天气好要是,我们就去公园。 · 要是明天天气好,我们去公园就。 · 要是明天天气好,我们去就公园。 · 要是明天天气好,我们就去公园。

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要是明天天气好,我们就去公园。. 要是 opens the condition and 就 goes before the verb of the result: If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go to the park.

20. Fill in the word that links to the result: 如果你早点儿来,___能见到他了。

Options: 就 · 才 · 被 · 都

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就. An unreal past still uses 如果...就...了: If you had come earlier, you would have seen him.

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